Four years after launching its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Russia is increasingly experiencing the economic, military, and political consequences of the prolonged conflict. What was initially expected to be a swift campaign has evolved into a grinding war of attrition, placing sustained pressure on Moscow’s resources and strategic position.
International sanctions imposed by Western nations have weighed heavily on Russia’s economy, limiting access to global markets, advanced technology, and foreign investment. While the Kremlin has sought to cushion the impact through alternative trade partnerships and domestic production, key sectors continue to face challenges.
On the battlefield, the war has demanded significant manpower and equipment, leading to mounting casualties and the need for repeated mobilization efforts. The extended fighting has also required increased military spending, further straining state finances.
